SBR系统中好氧颗粒污泥脱氮特性研究

以颗粒污泥为研究对象,在序批式反应器中研究了不同运行模式(有厌氧段和无厌氧段两种模式)和不同碳氮比(COD与NH₄⁺-N质量比取6、10、14)下,颗粒污泥对氨氮、总无机氮的去除情况.比较了2种运行模式应用于颗粒污泥脱氮中的差别和优劣.采用分段函数的方法对不同碳氮比下的氨氮去除曲线进行了分割,对曝气第一阶段(碳源富足阶段)和曝气第二阶段(碳源贫乏阶段)的氨氮去除曲线进行了拟合,发现其线性化特征明显.计算了不同碳氮比下曝气前后期氨氮去除速率,并简要分析了好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化脱氮的作用机理.     

Water quality monitoring in a slightly-polluted inland water body through remote sensing — Case study of the Guanting Reservoir in Beijing, China

This study focused on the water quality of the Guanting Reservoir, a possible auxiliary drinking water source for Beijing. Through a remote sensing (RS) approach and using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data, water quality retrieval models were established and analyzed for eight common water quality variables, including algae content, turbidity, and concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus. The results show that there exists a statistically significant correlation between each water quality variable and remote sensing data in a slightly-polluted inland water body with fairly weak spectral radiation. With an appropriate method of sampling pixel digital numbers and multiple regression algorithms, retrieval of the algae content, turbidity, and nitrate nitrogen concentration was achieved within 10% mean relative error, concentrations of total nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus within 20%, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus within 30%. On the other hand, no effective retrieval method for chemical oxygen demand was found. These accuracies were acceptable for the practical application of routine monitoring and early warning on water quality safety with the support of precise traditional monitoring. The results show that performing the most traditional routine monitoring of water quality by RS in relatively clean inland water bodies is possible and effective.     

三峡库区小流域不同尺度施氮量对水体的影响

为了解三峡库区农业施肥对水质的影响,通过划分子流域和设置作用区的方法,对张家冲小流域的施肥状况、水体氮含量及其形态进行了调查分析.结果表明,在不同尺度上农户的施氮量有很大的差异,化学氮肥占总施肥量的90%以上.流域水体中TN 含量>2.50mg/L,主要以NO₃^--N 的形态存在.在不同尺度范围内水体氮素含量和施氮量之间的相关性表现出很大差异.水体氮含量与其上游200m 内的总施氮量和子流域的平均施氮量之间显著相关.     

ISO14000与中国企业

介绍了ISO14000与GB24000,并对企业如何实施ISO14000认证以及中国加入WTO后它对企业的作用和影响进行了论述.为在我国推行国际环境管理体系标准系列提出了建议.     

用鱼类急性毒性试验分析死鱼事故原因

采用鱼类急性毒性试验方法分析、判断死鱼事故原因,不仅快速、简单、灵敏、直观,社会效益好,而且解决了单用几个理化测试数据,难以分析说明死鱼事故直接原因的难题,适于推广使用。     

太阳光催化降解阿特拉津的研究

利用太阳光作光源,用含在颗粒活性炭中的TiO2(TiO2／GAC)作光催化剂,在流动循环系统中考察了阿特拉津的光催化降解效果。在阿特拉津初始质量浓度27．18mg／L、液体循环流量6L／h、液体总体积400mL、平均辐照度2．64mW／cm^2、液体温度40℃、TiO2／GAC质量浓度7g／L、3％H2o2用量240μL,光催化反应时间1．65h的条件下,阿特拉津去除率达92．8％,TOC去除率接近70％。通过测定光催化降解过程中TOC的变化、紫外吸收光谱吸收峰的变化和质谱图对阿特拉津的降解途径和降解程度进行了分析。     

压力驱动膜的污染与防治

介绍了各种压力驱动膜的适用范围,讨论了膜污染的机理,并从膜的性质、操作条件、料液的预处理和膜的清洗4个方面阐述了如何防治膜的污染。     

Control of diffuse P-pollutants by multiple buffer/detention structures by Yuqiao Reservoir, North China

A case study on the transport process of agricultural diffuse P-pollutants was conducted in an experimental watershed locating in the north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir during 2001 and 2002. It was found that diversified artificial and natural buffer/detention landscape structures distributing along the ephemeral stream channel in this watershed played an important role of pollutants removal on downstream water quality, especially they have control effect on the diffuse P-pollutants transport process. Surface flow velocity was reduced sharply after passing through theses tructures. During continuous runoff events, the removal rate of TSS, TP, TDP, DRP by the whole system were 66.7%, 60.7%, 48.4%, and 43.3%, respectively. During discontinuous runoff events, removal rate of pollutants by the whole system was higher due to there was no or little surface water and pollutants exported from the watershed, of which removal rate of pollutants all exceeded 99%. The statistical analysis results of runoff events( n=8) indicated that dry pond was the steadiest structure for controlling diffuse P-pollutants export.     

颗粒污泥膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化

在本实验条件下,厌氧-好氧序批式颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(GMBR)处理人工配水,结果表明,GMBR具有良好的有机物去除及脱氮效果,当进水TOC及氨氮分别为160.9～308.4mg/L、29.8～83.6mg/L时,GMBR的TOC、氨氮及总氮去除率分别为65.7%～98.6%、85.4%～98.9%及66.1%～95.1%.对于GMBR典型周期TOC、胞内聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)、氨氮、硝酸盐氮及亚硝酸盐氮变化进行分析,结果表明,有机物主要在厌氧阶段去除并以胞内多聚物PHB形式储存,氨氮在好氧阶段经由同步硝化反硝化(SND)去除,并且反硝化碳源主要来自胞内储存物质PHB.以外源溶解性基质及胞内储存物质为碳源的批式实验表明,以外源基质为碳源的缺氧反硝化速率为胞内储存物质的4.2倍;以外源基质及胞内PHB为碳源的好氧SND效率分别为49.9%、82.5%.胞内储存物质PHB的慢速降解特性使得硝化与反硝化过程能够同步进行.     

淀粉废水处理方法综述

由于淀粉加工企业分布广且废水COD浓度高,淀粉废水处理方法的研究越来越受到重视。就目前国内外淀粉废水的各种处理方法和工艺进行综述,重点介绍了淀粉废水处理方面的最新研究成果,并介绍了废水资源化的一些途径。